Table 2 Results of electromyographic evaluation of various muscles by exercise forms

Passive weight-bearing lower limb exercise

0.8 Hz

2.14 ± 0.43 *

1.09 ± 0.13

1.89 ± 0.48

1.64 ± 0.13

1.2 Hz

3.33 ± 0.65**

1.45 ± 0.19

2.16 ± 0.61

1.93 ± 0.19

1.6 Hz

4.63 ± 0.69

1.90 ± 0.22

2.69 ± 0.76

2.82 ± 0.36

Simulated horse riding exercise

0.8 Hz

1.08 ± 0.41

0.75 ± 0.07

1.58 ± 0.18

2.13 ± 0.54

1.2 Hz

1.29 ± 0.33

1.15 ± 0.20

1.91 ± 0.18

2.47 ± 0.38

1.4 Hz

1.55 ± 0.19

1.27 ± 0.25

1.99 ± 0.29

2.77 ± 0.42

Bicycle exercise

20 watts

2.62 ± 0.65

5.85 ± 1.34

1.59 ± 0.10

2.11 ± 0.30

40 watts

3.50 ± 0.76

5.82 ± 1.25

1.83 ± 0.23

2.79 ± 0.50

60 watts

4.27 ± 0.88

5.88 ± 1.23

1.99 ± 0.20

3.36 ± 0.47

80 watts

4.80 ± 1.11 #

6.07 ± 1.19

2.20 ± 0.38

4.19 ± 1.21

Walking exercise

2 km/h

2.04 ± 0.32

6.61 ± 1.01

1.62 ± 0.13

7.96 ± 0.92

3 km/h

2.26 ± 0.40

7.30 ± 0.87

1.61 ± 0.12

8.12 ± 1.39

4 km/h

2.95 ± 0.34

8.15 ± 1.09

1.82 ± 0.11

7.62 ± 0.59

5 km/h

3.64 ± 0.49

9.19 ± 1.21

1.89 ± 0.15

8.13 ± 0.71

6 km/h

5.15 ± 0.73 #

10.2 ± 1.51

2.18 ± 0.18

9.24 ± 0.91