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Table 1 Outcome measures for individuals with CFS alone; CFS-MCS; CFS-FM; or CFS-MCS-FM

From: Functioning in individuals with chronic fatigue syndrome: increased impairment with co-occurring multiple chemical sensitivity and fibromyalgia

Outcome Measure

CFS alone (n = 50)

CFS-MCS (n = 27)

CFS-FM (n = 18)

CFS-MCS-FM (n = 19)

Mean (Standard Deviation)

    

MOS-SF-36

    

   Physical Functioning

53.61 (25.05)a

42.50 (19.66)

40.56 (23.69)

32.89 (19.95)a

   Role-Physical

4.69 (12.27)

3.85 (11.60)

4.17 (12.86)

3.95 (12.54)

   Bodily Pain

49.83 (21.88)a,c

40.62 (21.63)b

30.00 (13.18)c

21.58 (18.60)a, b

   General Health

36.65 (16.74)a

28.75 (15.94)

38.54 (16.62)b

19.95 (32.24)a, b

   Vitality

20.73 (15.98)

15.19 (12.84)

19.72 (16.31)

11.32 (9.84)

   Social Functioning

46.09 (25.15)a

30.29 (21.84)a

47.22 (23.70)

30.26 (19.68)

   Role-Emotional

56.74 (45.00)

47.44 (45.39)

42.59 (35.80)

57.89 (41.34)

   Mental Health

67.08 (16.30)

55.85 (19.35)

66.22 (14.79)

62.11 (18.10)

Brief COPE

    

   Self Distraction

2.30 (0.87)a, b

2.91 (0.81)b

2.89 (0.88)

3.18 (0.65)a

   Active Coping

2.97 (0.84)

3.15 (0.83)

3.28 (0.73)

3.10 (0.88)

   Denial

1.41 (0.85)

1.28 (0.59)

1.25 (0.35)

1.32 (0.61)

   Substance Use

1.15 (0.47)

1.22 (0.63)

1.53 (0.98)

1.24 (0.42)

   Emotional Support

2.40 (0.95)

2.17 (0.91)

2.56 (0.97)

2.29 (0.85)

   Instrumental Support

2.32 (0.96)

2.61 (0.93)

2.78 (0.75)

2.66 (0.99)

   Behavioral Disengagement

1.33 (0.51)

1.27 (0.38)

1.47 (0.44)

1.47 (0.94)

   Venting

1.93 (0.63)

2.09 (0.77)

2.39 (0.65)

2.11 (.077)

   Positive Reframing

2.20 (1.06)

2.28 (0.94)

2.75 (0.96)

2.53 (1.05)

   Planning

2.97 (0.97)

3.00 (0.98)

3.00 (0.86)

3.03 (0.86)

   Humor

1.68 (0.79)a

1.78 (0.87)

2.39 (1.20)a

1.79 (0.77)

   Acceptance

2.95 (0.88)

2.81 (0.83)

2.94 (0.75)

2.95 (0.80)

   Religion

2.41 (1.01)

2.44 (0.97)

2.31 (1.06)

2.47 (1.05)

   Self Blame

1.69 (0.87)

1.74 (0.75)

2.00 (0.77)

1.92 (0.79)

Beck Depression Inventory

16.47 (8.61)a

20.88 (9.64)

18.50 (9.54)

23.93 (11.43)a

Fatigue Severity Scale

5.98 (0.68)

6.35 (0.66)a

5.70 (1.22)a

6.30 (0.53)

Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index

7.26 (2.53)a

8.69 (2.20)

8.94 (2.10)

8.95 (2.39)a

Brief Pain Inventory

    

   Interference

2.83 (2.52)a, c,d

4.56 (2.78)b, c

5.36 (1.96)d

6.80 (2.33)a, b

   Severity

3.03 (2.06)a, c

4.06 (2.02)b

4.86 (1.40)c

6.10 (2.04)a, b

Symptoms

    

   Sore Throat

23.50 (26.61)

29.48 (26.97)

20.56 (26.40)

24.84 (28.82)

   Tender Lymph Nodes

25.75 (30.36)

23.40 (26.33)

27.50 (33.79)

32.00 (27.92)

   Muscle Pain

50.52 (28.34)a, b

60.76 (28.22)

72.92 (22.56)b

78.42 (24.97)a

   Joint Pain

31.85 (33.25)a, c

46.04 (35.95)b

63.06 (32.18)c

75.50 (24.54)a, b

   Impaired Memory

62.96 (25.22)

59.63 (23.82)

65.14 (25.53)

68.94 (22.65)

   Unrefreshing Sleep

76.89 (18.89)

75.19 (25.43)

89.67 (10.86)

87.03 (14.46)

   Post-Exertional Malaise

73.27 (17.84)

75.19 (19.16)

74.86 (23.74)

82.36 (14.10)

   Headaches

42.91 (33.39)a

56.87 (30.50)

55.00 (31.44)

74.03 (24.39)a

Six Minute Walk Test

    

   Distance Walked (feet)

1419.47 (312.17)

1728.08 (2387.62)

1304.28 (356.492)

1221.39 (239.23)

   Average RPE

9.85 (2.24)a

10.56 (2.08)

11.37 (2.76)

11.78 (2.42)a

Sit and Reach (inches)

13.48 (3.54)

13.16 (4.49)

14.55 (4.24)

13.40 (3.77)

Hand Grip (pounds)

    

   Right

64.45 (24.67)

61.57 (21.21)

64.19 (21.87)

52.28 (15.34)

   Left

60.04 (22.71)

58.63 (17.90)

58.72 (20.71)

48.07 (17.21)

Actigraphy Mean

161.35 (58.55)

145.74 (58.13)

167.23 (48.51)

149.78 (63.12)

Lifetime Axis I Diagnosis %

21 (42.0%)

10 (37.0%)

6 (33.3%)

6 (31.6%)

Current Axis I Diagnosis %

17 (34.0%)

5 (18.5%)

7 (38.9%)

6 (31.6%)

  1. Similar letters across diagnostic groups significantly differ at the p < .05 level.