| Intensity | Rectus Femoris | Gastrocnemius | Rectus abdominis | Erector spinae |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Passive weight-bearing lower limb exercise | 0.8 Hz | 2.14 ± 0.43 * | 1.09 ± 0.13 | 1.89 ± 0.48 | 1.64 ± 0.13 |
 | 1.2 Hz | 3.33 ± 0.65** | 1.45 ± 0.19 | 2.16 ± 0.61 | 1.93 ± 0.19 |
 | 1.6 Hz | 4.63 ± 0.69 | 1.90 ± 0.22 | 2.69 ± 0.76 | 2.82 ± 0.36 |
Simulated horse riding exercise | 0.8 Hz | 1.08 ± 0.41 | 0.75 ± 0.07 | 1.58 ± 0.18 | 2.13 ± 0.54 |
 | 1.2 Hz | 1.29 ± 0.33 | 1.15 ± 0.20 | 1.91 ± 0.18 | 2.47 ± 0.38 |
 | 1.4 Hz | 1.55 ± 0.19 | 1.27 ± 0.25 | 1.99 ± 0.29 | 2.77 ± 0.42 |
Bicycle exercise | 20 watts | 2.62 ± 0.65 | 5.85 ± 1.34 | 1.59 ± 0.10 | 2.11 ± 0.30 |
 | 40 watts | 3.50 ± 0.76 | 5.82 ± 1.25 | 1.83 ± 0.23 | 2.79 ± 0.50 |
 | 60 watts | 4.27 ± 0.88 | 5.88 ± 1.23 | 1.99 ± 0.20 | 3.36 ± 0.47 |
 | 80 watts | 4.80 ± 1.11 # | 6.07 ± 1.19 | 2.20 ± 0.38 | 4.19 ± 1.21 |
Walking exercise | 2 km/h | 2.04 ± 0.32 | 6.61 ± 1.01 | 1.62 ± 0.13 | 7.96 ± 0.92 |
 | 3 km/h | 2.26 ± 0.40 | 7.30 ± 0.87 | 1.61 ± 0.12 | 8.12 ± 1.39 |
 | 4 km/h | 2.95 ± 0.34 | 8.15 ± 1.09 | 1.82 ± 0.11 | 7.62 ± 0.59 |
 | 5 km/h | 3.64 ± 0.49 | 9.19 ± 1.21 | 1.89 ± 0.15 | 8.13 ± 0.71 |
 | 6 km/h | 5.15 ± 0.73 # | 10.2 ± 1.51 | 2.18 ± 0.18 | 9.24 ± 0.91 |
(Mean ± SE) (Unit: % max activation) |